Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (Tamil: அவுல் பகீர் ஜைனுலாப்தீன் அப்துல் கலாம்; born 15 October 1931 in Rameshwaram, Madras Presidency, Indian Empire), usually referred to as Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, was the 11th President of India, serving from 2002 to 2007.[2] He was elected during the tenure of the National Democratic Alliance (India) coalition government, under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.[3] During his term as President, he was popularly known as the People's President.[4][5]
Before his term as India's president, he worked as an aeronautical engineer with DRDO and ISRO. He is popularly known as the Missile Man of India for his work on development of ballistic missile[6] In India he is highly respected as a scientist and as an engineer. and space rocket technology.
Kalam played a pivotal organizational, technical and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear test in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.[7] He is the chancellor of Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (Thiruvananthapuram), a professor at Anna University (Chennai), a visiting professor at JSS University in Mysore, and an adjunct/visiting faculty at many other academic and research institutions across India.
| A. P. J. Abdul Kalam BR | |
 | |
| 11th President of India | |
|---|---|
| In office 25 July 2002 – 24 July 2007 | |
| Prime Minister | Atal Bihari Vajpayee Manmohan Singh |
| Vice President | Bhairon Singh Shekhawat |
| Preceded by | K. R. Narayanan |
| Succeeded by | Pratibha Patil |
| | |
| Born | 15 October 1931 [1] Rameshwaram, Madras Presidency, Indian Empire |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Spouse(s) | never married |
| Alma mater | Madras Institute of Technology |
| Profession | Aerospace engineer |
| Religion | Islam |
Political viewsIn his book India 2020, Abdul Kalam strongly advocates an action plan to develop India into a knowledge superpower and a developed nation by the year 2020. He regards his work on India's nuclear weapons program as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower. It has been reported that there is a considerable demand in South Korea for translated versions of books authored by him.[8] Kalam continues to take an active interest in other developments in the field of science and technology. He has proposed a research program for developing bio-implants. He is a supporter of free software over proprietary solutions and believes that the use of free software on a large scale will bring the benefits of information technology to more people.[9] Aerospace engineerAfter graduating in physics from St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirapalli, Abdul Kalam graduated with a diploma in Aeronautical Engineering in the mid-1950s from the Madras Institute of Technology.[10]Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III). As Chief Executive of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (I.G.M.D.P), he played a major part in developing many missiles in India including Agni and Prithvi although the entire project has been criticised for being overrun and mismanaged.[11] He was the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and the Secretary of Defence Research and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999. Pokhran-II As the Project Director, he was heavily involved in the development of India's first indigenous nuclear tests were conducted during this period and have been associated with Kalam although he was not directly involved with the nuclear program at the time. Awards and honorsOn April 29, 2009, he became the first Asian to be bestowed with the Hoover Medal, America's top engineering prize, for his outstanding contribution to public service. The citation said that he was being recognised for:
It added that he was an eminent scientist, a gifted engineer, a visionary, and a humanitarian.[12] On 13 September 2009, he was awarded the International von Kármán Wings Award.[13] The Government of India has honored him with some of the country's highest civilian awards:
for his work with the ISRO and DRDO and his role as a scientific advisor to the Indian government. Kalam was the third President of India to be honored with a Bharat Ratna before being elected to the highest office, the other two being Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Zakir Hussain. He is also the first scientist and first bachelor to occupy the Rashtrapati Bhavan. After his tenure as the President he is now a visiting professor at J.S.S. University, Mysore. He has agreed to deliver a minimum of four lectures every year. Books and documentaries
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